Concerns over declining birth rates are not new, but history shows that population decline is often a symptom rather than a cause of societal collapse. While some argue that modern civilization is at risk due to falling fertility rates, historical evidence suggests that economic disparity, elite overreach, and resource mismanagement are the primary drivers of societal decline. This paper explores the relationship between wealth concentration, economic instability, and declining birth rates in past civilizations, illustrating that addressing economic inequality is more crucial to societal stability than simply increasing birth rates.